Visions of Utopia Essay - 3140 Words

Humans have grasped at the concept of Utopia for millennia. In his editorial for the September 1983 issue of Isaac Asimovs Science Fiction Magazine, editor Isaac Asimov provided a concise history of utopian literature. According to Asimov, the history of utopian literature began with religious tales of past golden ages or future paradises. (Asimov gives the examples of the Genesis story of creation and expulsion from the Garden of Eden as an example of the first and the eleventh chapter of Isaiah, which contains the famous line the lion shall lay down with the calf, as an example of the second.) Utopian literature was first presented in a more scientifically designed (as opposed to Edenic or messianic) form by Plato, with The†¦show more content†¦Asimov also describes a more modern offshoot of the Utopian genre, the dystopian novel. Asimov claims that this method of attacking societies in a more direct fashion, as he puts it, arose because the more indirect Utopian satiric n ovels are, by their very nature, dreadfully dull. (Although this seems to be a position which could be argued against, Asimov offers no evidence to support it.) Asimov claims that dystopian novels are intrinsically more interesting than Utopias, and, hence, better tools for attacking evils in a particular society. (Asimov 7-8) The prefix dys- means abnormal or defective in Greek. (Asimov 8) So, the dystopian horror is that something designated as bad by a particular author may find its ultimate expression in a particular society. In modern novels, this usually, in some way, involves the use of science or technology as contributing to this ultimate evil. (Asimov 9) To examine the possibility of an actual Utopian society existing, then, one must also examine the possibility of the existence of an actual dystopian society. If Utopia is to be achieved, dystopia must, of necessity, be avoided. The possibilities of dystopia, in their many various forms, have been examined by many highly talented authors and intelligent thinkers. Most of the dystopian novels we have considered this term seem to consider two factors vitally important in the bringing-forth (as Heidegger might termShow MoreRelatedVision of the Perfect Utopia2187 Words   |  9 PagesMy Vision of Utopia There are many different definitions to describe a true perfect Utopia. The reason that there are so many people with many different ideas about the perfect world is because the act of making something perfect in a person vision of utopia is created to suit what that creator deems to be perfect. Perception is the key to understanding what makes a Utopia perfect and what makes it flawed. My view of a Utopia requires several different managements and trade-offs of what is believedRead MoreMy Vision Of My Utopia989 Words   |  4 Pagesyou could have the power to create your own utopia, what do you envision? There are a vast amount of utopias that one could build, but since imagination is the only source as of now, what characteristics would I consider for my own? There are many questions that might run through one’s head, like for example: What will the utopia look like? What is the social mechanism within this society? Finally, how will everyone eat since no one starves in a utopia? While there are tons of other questions toRead MoreEssay on Visions of Utopia in Bellamys Looking Backward749 Words   |  3 PagesVisions of Utopia in Looking Backward  Ã‚   Edward Bellamy addressed many of the topics crucial to the development of a civilization in his book, Looking Backward. In the story he addresses several different features of years past utopias. Some being universal harmony, distribution of occupation according to individual aptitudes, equality of reward, universal ease and comfort, reduction of hours of labor, suppression of idleness, of competition, of the struggle for life, and also for money (DeRead MoreA Utopia Sounds Like A Wonderful Thing1433 Words   |  6 PagesFYS Final A utopia sounds like a wonderful thing. The Oxford English Dictionary defines â€Å"utopia† as an â€Å"imagined or hypothetical place, system, or state of existence in which everything is perfect, esp. in respect of social structure, laws, and politics.† (OED, 2015, entry 2) But what happens when someone tries to bring this imagined land of perfection into reality? Both in fictional literature and in real life applications, utopian dreams destroy societies. The word utopia originates from SirRead MoreDifferent Kinds Of Ecological Utopia852 Words   |  4 Pagesfantasies, as if I could create a different world through reading and dreaming. Emotionally, it is these utopian visions that comforted me, making me believe that a better ecological world could exist. As I explore the utopias created by writers, filmmakers and artists, I came to believe that the value of ecological utopia is far more than an emotional one. Different kinds of ecological utopia visions can provide us with practical methods that could solve specific problems in our world, give us freedom toRead MoreUtopia is defined as a place of ideal perfection especially in laws, government, and social1000 Words   |  4 PagesUtopia is defined as a place of ideal perfection especially in laws, government, and social conditions, (merriam-webster.com). Utopia is a mindset that people are conditioned to believe is achievable, when in actuality it isn’t. In a utopian societ y when people believe that they have reached idealized perfection, there will still be things or people that make the society imperfect. â€Å"Every utopia faces the same problem: What do you do with the people who dont fit in?† (Margaret Atwood, a novelistRead MoreEssay On Utopia And Utopia816 Words   |  4 Pagesthat people are going to have different view on things. There’s always two sides to everything. When it comes to university, there are two visions: Utility and Utopia. They’re very different and lead to different metrics of success. In order to be success in school, it’s imperative to balance yourself between the two visions. Keeping a balance between utopia and utility can lead to path. They both explain a great deal about college. Although they both have different aims, they have one goal similarRead MoreThe Rights of the Individual and Women Lost in Thomas More’s Utopia1575 Words   |  7 Pages A person’s image of utopi a varies depending on their individual life experiences and the expectations of the society in which they live; utopia could be described as an ideal place where equality, comfort, safety, compassion, and freedom are important qualities. In Sir Thomas More’s Utopia, the elimination of property and money has all citizens working for the commonwealth and it is â€Å"where every man has a right to everything, they all know that if care is taken to keep the public stores fullRead MoreOz as Utopia1356 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Wilton Dr. Ethna Lay The Wonderful Worlds of Utopia Americans crave Oz because of it s utopian vision. On the surface, Oz appears to be a perfect utopia to Dorothy. When she first arrives, Oz is bright, colorful and full of magic and wonder while her home in Kansas is dull, lifeless and devoid of hope. In Kansas, it s as if the citizens are stuck with no real plans or goals for the future. In Oz, traveling down the elaborate, intertwined yellow brick road offers Dorothy a great chanceRead MoreModern Society Is Far From Perfect, And Even Further From1618 Words   |  7 Pagesto examine the ways in which the concept of utopia has been portrayed on screen, notably within the genre of science fiction (SF). Prior to critically evaluating its links to film, we should start by defining utopia. Utopia is about how we would live and what kind of world we would live in if we could do just that. The construction of imaginary worlds, free from the difficulties that beset us in reality. (Levitas, 1990, P. 1) This summarising of utopia suggests clearly why it has been such a popular

Relationship Between Customers And Employees At Caje And...

Introduction: The focus of my study will be examining the relationships between customers and employees at CAJÉ and what behavioral patterns customers conduct when reacting with one another. I will be looking at the motivations behind customers to go to CAJÉ and the sense of trust that strangers share with one another while at the Cafà ©. I wanted to ask why students are more inclined to trust others to watch their belongings while they leave the CAJÉ? Additionally, what motivates people to go to CAJÉ? Methods: In order to collect my data, I practiced participant-observation through going to CAJÉ and sitting at various tables each time. I took typed up observations on my computer which looked similar to studying, helping me immerse†¦show more content†¦During my participant-observation I chose to ask a female student if I could sit across from her. She told me of course. A few minutes later she asked if I would watch her belongings which included her laptop and background, while she quickly used the restroom. Over the course of the hours I sat there I noticed that a few other students asked others to watch their stuff. When interviewing an student employee she told me that â€Å"I leave my stuff at a table and will leave for up to an hour and nothing bad has ever happened to any of my things†. Students come to CAJÉ for various reasons. The majority of come to CAJÉ because they enjoy doing school work there, it’s a good meeting spot, friendly staff, to socialize, good coffee green tea matcha. During one of my interviews, the interviewee stated that â€Å"I love to study at CAJÉ, but I can never really expect to get a significant amount of work done. I always get distracted by everyone I know there†. I observed the majority of the students in the cafà © were on their laptops and what appeared to be studying. At closer observation I noticed many were procrastinating through texting or web surfing. Nearly all of the students had their earphones in while studying, regardless of the music that was being played from CAJÉ’s speakers. The other sounds that you could hear was the blender, the tapping of the portafilter (used for

Human Potential †Of Mice And Men Free Essays

In the novel Of Mice And Men, John Steinbeck Illustrates human potential and its effects on Lennie Crooks and George. Steinbeck suggests humans have the natural potential to seek happiness although the potential can be fatal or harmful. Although Lennie does not have the potential to be smart, Lennie has the potential to be a hard worker. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Potential – Of Mice And Men or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, Lennie s strength did not work with him and the result was fatal. Lennie is an extremely large man who had the strength of a bull. With the use of his strength, he was great worker but did not understand how strong he was. George explains Lennie s strength by: â€Å"that big bastard can put up more grain alone than most pairs can†( Steinbeck 34). Through his size and his enormous amount of strength Lennie could out work the other men of the ranch by himself. Through the use of Lennie s strength he became a great worker who knew nothing more than to work. Lennie uses his potential to work hard, but does not understand how strong he is. Without George, Lennie does not understand what to do. Lennie gets frightened and uses his strength to hold on to objects. Lennie is just like a child. He will do what ever George tells him to: â€Å"Curely was flopping like a fish on a line, and his closed fist was lost in Lennie s hand. George slapped [Lennie] in the face again and again and still Lennie held on(63). Through Lennie s actions we can see that Lennie is very similar to a child. Lennie s first instinct when he is scared is to hold on. Just as a little kid holds on to its mom or dad when they become frightened, Lennie holds on to objects. Because of Lennie s low intelligence to understand his strength, he becomes frightened and kills Curley s wife and as a result, she ends up being killed by is otential: â€Å"She took Lennie s hand and put it on her head And then she cried angrily. Lennie s fingers closed on her hair and hung on. He shook her and her body flopped like a fish. And then she was still†(91). Lennie did not understand his strength and became frightened, and once again just like just like a little child he held on. But he ended up breaking Curley s wife neck. As a result of his actions Lennie ended up dead. Lennie had an extremely great potential to use his strength and become a great worker. However his difficulty to understand his strength lead to his death. Unlike Lennie Crooks potential is his knowledge, and Crooks has the ability to use his knowledge to, try to escape the problems he has on the ranch. However Crooks falls back into a 1930s attitude and chooses to neglect his knowledge. Crooks also uses his knowledge to express his ideas and feelings to Lennie. â€Å"Books ain t no good. A guy needs somebody to be near him A guy goes nuts if ain t got nobody†. (72) Crooks is proving that he is a very knowledgeable man When around others he may chooses to use his knowledge to express his ideas and become a stronger influence. Crooks uses his wisdom to express his ideas and eelings and leave a very strong impact. Crooks has the likelihood to use his knowledge, but how he uses his wisdom will determine his fate. â€Å"I said s pose George don t come back no more. S pose he took a powder and just ain t coming back. What ll you do then? He won t do it Lennie cried. He ll come back tonight —†(71). Crooks is using his knowledge as a power trip on Lennie who does not understand what Crooks is saying. Crooks is doing this because he has never had a chance to use his knowledge in such way before, but is really abusing it. Crooks chooses to use his knowledge around Lennie. But when a higher authority is around Crooks chooses to ignore it for his own safety. â€Å"Listen nigger, [Curley s wife] said, (y)ou know what I can do to you if you open your trap? Crooks seemed to grow smaller, and he pressed himself against the wall. Yes ma am, and his voice was toneless†(80). When a higher authority is present Crooks chooses to ignore his knowledge because he is scared to speak out for fear of losing his job. Despite Crooks, knowledge he chooses to ignore it around higher authority, this ending up in a 1930 s attitude with his knowledge going to waste. Unlike Lennie or Crooks George has the potential to be his own boss. If George does not work hard enough his potential to be his own boss will be lost and his dream will be crushed. George has always wanted to be his own boss. When he sees that the potential is there, George tries to act on it. George says: â€Å"We d just go there, we wouldn t ask nobody if we could â€Å"(61). George would love to be his own boss and do his own thing, mainly because George would not have to take orders from any one. To accomplish being his own boss, George tries to save his money so that he can buy the ranch: â€Å"If me an Lennie work one onth an don t spen nothing, well have a hundred bucks† (60). To fulfill his potential to be his own boss, George says he will save his money and not spend any. If George can accomplish this he will be his own boss. When Lennie breaks Curley s wife s neck, George realizes that the potential to be his own boss is lost. Candy says: † You an me can get that little place, can t we George? Candy dropped his head and looked down at the hay. He knew†(94). Now that Lennie has broken Curley s wife s neck, George realizes that his possibility of being his own boss is gone. Without Lennie, George feels here is no hope. As a result the potential to be his own boss is lost. George has a great potential to be his own boss, but with the death of Lennie, George loses hope. George has chosen his fate to be a worker and not to be his own boss. In his novel, Of Mice And Men, John Steinbeck illustrates to us that all humans have the potential to do well, but how they use their potential will determine their fate. Lennie, Crooks and George all have one thing on their mind: to accomplish their potential and make it reality. If they do not use their potential It can a source of pain and an unfulfilled dream. How to cite Human Potential – Of Mice And Men, Essay examples

Pharmacy Service free essay sample

At each hour, tech took scripts from that hour’s slot and entered all required data into pharmacy info system (so no one looked at script until 1 hour before pickup) Info logged in: Patient contact info Doctor contact info Third party payor info – insurance companies, employers Drug name Dosage Number of doses Number of refills System performed an automated Drug Utilization Review: Automated check of script against all other prescriptions in CVS database for patient; looking for harmful drug interactions and appropriateness of drug for patient given age, weight, gender, etc. Hard Stop = fulfillment process cannot proceed until DUR reviewed by pharmacist if automated review reveals any potential problems Hard Stop Good for patient safety Hard Stop Bad for slowing down process, lowering efficiency Insurance check was done after DUR. Checking to make sure insurance still valid, script matches drugs on formulary, customer not trying to refill too soon, etc. In most cases, script would still be filled even if there was a problem with insurance customer would simply be told to pay full amount at pickup. We will write a custom essay sample on Pharmacy Service or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Potential Data Entry Problems: Tech couldn’t read handwriting on script, No refills allowed on script (6%), DUR hard stop (20%), Insurance problems (17%) Production Scripts were filled by pharmacy technicians Potential Production Problem: Insufficient inventory – patient wouldn’t find out until pick-up that drug wasn’t available Quality Assurance Pharmacist reviewed each script to make sure it was filled correctly. First priority is customer safety! Potential Quality Assurance Problem : None identified Pickup Bags stored in pickup area in alphabetical order until customer came for pickup. Potential Pickup Problems: Many, including staff couldn’t find script, unauthorized refill, script not covered by insurance – customer asked to pay full price, script not ready (waiting for doctor or insurance call-back or queue backed-up). Worst between 5-7 p. m. – long lines of angry customers – hard to get staff to work that shift. 6. How can IT help with streamlining the process at CVS pharmacies? Get Teams to come up with a solution to problems in fulfillment process keeping 3 goals in mind: 1) Doesn’t degrade safety at all 2) Decreases waiting time 3) Improves customer satisfaction What CVS did to improve fulfillment process: Drop off, data entry, insurance check – all done while customer is present. Data entry completed at drop-off while customer was still there – made it easier to verify customer insurance information. Insurance check is now done with customer present. Used to be they’d just make sure your name, address, and birth date were on prescription and let you go. At local CVS, there is a â€Å"new† drop-off window away from cash register where pick-ups are done. Clerks enter data into computer while you are still there. CVS was missing the opportunity to identify and resolve problems early in the process, when the customer is still present. Under old system, no one would look at script until 1 hour before pick-up – not enough time to resolve any problems. Clerk asks for best number to reach customer in case of a problem, which is a change from the past. Staff can also inform customer about insufficient inventory at drop off instead of customer finding out when they come back for pick-up. Automated â€Å"instock† check. Also, box that held prescriptions was replaced by an online â€Å"virtual queue,† which can be displayed on all workstations in the pharmacy. Virtual queue tells techs and pharmacist what prescriptions to work on filling next. 2) Production – prescription is filled by tech. No change here – techs have always been the ones to fill the prescriptions. 3) DUR and QA – done by pharmacist in single step. DUR process was folded into Quality Assurance step – DUR no longer part of Data Entry. Both DUR and QA are done after prescription is filled. DUR should not be done when customer is present; don’t want customer to get the impression that the drug could be harmful because they might be less likely to take it. Also, DUR is done at pharmacist’s station during QA – more efficient use of pharmacist’s time to check filled prescription for accuracy and deal with any problems revealed during automated DUR. However, pharmacists could argue that it makes no sense, and is in fact dangerous to fill prescription before DUR is completed. PSI team had to â€Å"sell† the new process using communication efforts that were persuasive and effective. Also, changes were mandatory, not optional, so team used both hard sell and soft sell techniques to win pharmacists over. There were a total of 7 elements in the PSI program that all CVS pharmacies had to adopt – they couldn’t pick and choose among the 7. 4) Pickup When there is a problem discovered with a script, an Action Note is filled out so that staff manning Pickup can adequately explain the problem to the customer, based on what the Action Note says. Case highlights IT’s principle capabilities: Design Standardization Monitoring Case also points out concerns that changes in process will be resisted by pharmacists, even though the new process changes no responsibilities or rights of pharmacists. This was a top-down change that was necessary to improve customer service.

Reducing The Military Essays (385 words) - Defense, Military

Reducing The Military With the end of the Cold War Americas armed forces are too large and expensive to maintain while in an era of peace. The roles of the military has changed, and the United States has come to the conclusion that military might no longer means having the larger force. Politicians have initiated the closure of bases, the reduced production by defense contractors, the decrease in military and civilian personnel. The actions taken to reduce the military has left dwindling numbers, and this must be changed to ensure that the U.S. military continues to be a mighty super power. The idea of a smaller military was not even considered during the Cold War, but today the treat to America is at a all-time low. This has sparked politicians to restructure the forces and reduce the spending needed to maintain those forces. These reductions are based on the budget spending what is not cost effective to the U.S. and the public. The cost cutting needs to be done, without too large of an effect on the employed personnel, whether military or civilian (ORourke, 2). Though the reductions in the forces still needs to be made, careful monitoring of the amounts of The reductions in personnel have gone past the recommended limit set Congress, and have created a greater need for personnel. If a conflict were to happen to day, the U.S. could only send four heavy divisions, compared to the seven sent during the Gulf War. This greatly decreases Americas ability to thwart an attack from several different countries at one time. This idea of sustaining several conflicts at one time has been a major Because the U.S. is the last great superpower, it is a very large target, and when involvement is needed to aid others the forces are diminished the ability to be an effective deterrent. Analysts have seen an increased demand for the continued policing actions that the U.S. plays a major part in. Congress has also cut spending on defense technology, which has caused defense contractors to make cutbacks in employees. 1.3 million jobs have been cut since the employment peak of 1987. This has caused increased inflation, and has hurt the economy of United States. Reconstruction of the spending on the technology needs to equally dispersed through the market to even out jobs for all defense companies. Politics Essays

Awakening essays

Awakening essays The Awakening was a self description of Edna Pontellier. Edna went through a major transformation period during the book. Edna went from a being a housewife who was obedient to a strong independent woman with emotions that she no longer suppressed. Edna wants her own identity apart from her husband and kids. The rebelliousness of Edna is an example of her inter conflict. The Awakening is a prime example of a self vs. self conflict. The defiance of society along with wanting to be a good mother and wife was Ednas conflict within in herself. The Awakening took place in the late part of the 1800s during the reign of Queen Victoria. The views of how a woman should carry herself made the mold for this story. Edna is a Creole woman which means that her demeanor is to be elegant and graceful. This role stressed Edna out she had a personality that she needed to let out. In The Awakening Edna didnt feel comfortable around other women because she didnt except the role of the house wife. She wanted to be an individual , she didnt want to be the typical Victorian woman. Sometimes Edna would weep about the roles in her life that would often overwhelm her into depression. Edna Pontellier had a interesting view on motherhood that most other mothers didnt share. The view Edna had on having children was that it didnt fit her fate. An example of this when Leon , Ednas husband informed her that one of her sons Raoul had a fever. Its instinctive for a mother to check on her children when theyre sick, but this isnt so for Edna. Leonce had to practically make her get up and check on Raoul. Mothers u ...

Stress Implications for College Students Research Paper

Stress Implications for College Students - Research Paper Example However, this generation has adopted certain ineffective and unconstructive methods to overcome stress and consequently stays more troubled (Bland et al. 362). As a result of majority of students being troubled and stressed out, it raises concern as to what underlying root sources are involved and what solutions shall work best to combat these causes. I believe that the college students of this generation suffer largely from stress because of financial issues, transitional difficulties and technicalities of burdensome study courses. Therefore, after conducting comprehensive research and studying various pieces of literature, this paper has been prepared to identify and analyze most common and major reasons that have exposed college students to stress and anxiety. Masses around the globe have suffered from recessionary downfall and inflationary pressures. Inflation has caused an increase in costs of living and competition, resulting in stressful circumstances for students joining coll ege. The added expenditure of tuition fees, purchase of books and other supplementary necessities covers a substantial proportion of any household income. Consequently, families suffer from liquidity difficulties and students get tensed about their financial burdens being borne by their caretakers. Moreover, if students approach the college trust for financial aid, then it creates a stressful burden of liability that must be eventually repaid and settled by them. In fact, â€Å"62% of students say that over the past three months financial worries have had some/a lot of impact on the stress the experience in their daily life† (MtvU 2). Students, who are already facing increased expectations and demands for academic performances from their families and mentors, also have to go through additional stressful factors pertaining to college studies, including regular tuition fees, study material expenses, hostel or alternate residing arrangements, traveling and entertainment expenses and other miscellaneous outflows that come part and parcel with college life (May & Stephen 264).  

Growth and Development of Global Economy - Economics Essay

Growth and Development of Global Economy - Economics - Essay Example On the contrary, they are stuck in the vicious cycle due to the US subsidies which crowds the efficient producer’s market, since without subsidies the US cotton production would not be economical. The US government harms the poorer nations through subsidizing their own domestic cotton production more than it helps them through foreign aid, as proved by statistical data in The Oxfam Briefing Paper (Oxfam International, 2004, pages 1-40). The subsidies does not only affect the Balance of Payments, but has a trigger down effect, it lowers the income of farmers, thus reducing the income available for expenditure, further strengthening the economic crisis by lowering aggregate demand, the multiplier sets into a negative action, and poverty sets in, thus making West African nations vulnerable to US cotton subsidies, furthermore in accordance with Anderson and Valenzuela (Anderson and Valenzuela, 2006, page 19) the usage of Genetically Modified Organism for the cotton production in d eveloping nations would have a greater positive effect than eliminating subsidies completely. However, since it is a time-consuming process to convert every small farm to GM technology, hence from the West African nation’s perspective, the USA should eliminate its cotton subsidies in order to aid the developing nations in coming out of the economic crisis and poverty situation. The US political policies focus on hardcore protectionism with regards to the cotton market; the subsidies are unfair and distort the free trade system. According to the multiplier effect, protectionism in the cotton industry also leads to indirect help of US domestic textile and apparels industry, as presented in The Oxfam Briefing Paper. However, these subsidies focus on helping only the larger farms, despite publicizing otherwise, since 67% of the US farms are ineligible to attain the subsidy benefits, and it is generally the top 10%

American Foreign Policy in a New Era Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 23

American Foreign Policy in a New Era - Coursework Example Realism approach was dominant theoretically during the cold war. Realism portrays international affairs as the pursuit for power among self-centred states that is a cynical representation of prospects that mitigate war and conflict (Jervis, 2005). Realism approach was dominant during the cold war since it offered powerful and easy definitions of imperialism, alliances, war and other international events. Realism adopted a consistent competition analysis that was fundamental in the American-Soviet conflict. Challenges to realism originated from liberal theories. Liberalism argued that interdependence on the economy discouraged nations from using force because warfare threatens prosperity of all sides (Jervis, 2005). The other school of thought argued that the manifest democracy derived peace across the world based on the claim that democratic states were peaceful compared to authoritarian states. The third school of thought believed that international institutions could encourage nations to forego gains that were greater than cooperation (Jervis, 2005). While liberalism and realism focused on factors that led to material growth such as trade and power, constructivist approach concentrated on the effect of ideas (Jervis, 2005). Constructivist theories do not assume that states seek survival only. Ideally, these theories argue that states are a product that is malleable for historic and specific processes. The approach pays more attention on the root course of a change compared to liberalism and realism.

Corporate Financial Analysis Of Pfizer Finance Essay

Corporate Financial Analysis Of Pfizer Finance Essay Pfizer, is the worlds largest research-based pharmaceutical company, founded in 1849. The company is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York, with its research headquarters in Groton, Connecticut. Ian Read is the president and CEO of Pfizer. And other important officers are these following people. (Table 1) The Company manages its operations through five segments: Primary Care; Specialty Care and Oncology; Established Products and Emerging Markets; Animal Health and Consumer Healthcare, and Nutrition. The Companys diversified global healthcare portfolio includes human and animal biologic, small molecule medicines and vaccines, as well as nutritional and consumer healthcare products. Pfizer produces many house hold famous medicine like Lipitor, Viagra and Celebrex. Pfizer has 103,700 employees and in No. 81 of Carbon Disclosure Rating. And here are some important data. (Table 2)In the highly competitive pharmaceutical industry, Pfizer has these main competitors: Ankur Drugs and Pharma Ltd. and Bayer. 1.2 Analyst Coverage 1.2.1 Analyst Opinion This table (1.1) shows the analyst opinion to recommendation trends. We can see strong buy and buy both have a high score while the other three have a very low score. It suggests that investors to buy this stock but do not suggest long-term hold. 1.2. 2 Analyst Estimate Here these two tables show the analyst estimate on Pfizer. They are just a part of the analyst estimate. Earnings history (1.2) shows that the difference between EPS Estimate and EPS actual is very small. So the estimate was quite accurate. 1.2.3 Price Target Summary The recent stock price of PFE is about $22.56. This price is a little lower than the price target in table (1.3). It does not mean it is not good. At least this price is higher than its low target. Pfizers stock is not bad and still have chance to perform better. 1.3 Analysis of Pfizers financial statements 1.3.1 Balance Sheet Analysis In general, the total amount of the assets of Pfizer decreased from 212.949 million (in 2009) to 188.002 million (in 2011). This may because Pfizer wanted to give up unattractive investments and focused on its innovation core. Total liabilities decreased continuously. It indicates Pfizers ability of repayment of debt was not bad. Current liabilities decreased 1.98% from 2010 to 2011 and 23.1% from 2009 to 2010. Changes of total liabilities were similar. On stockholders equity, its total number also decreased as the result of its decrease of total assets. Due to the decrease in total assets, the stockholders equity decreased 6.4% from 2011 to 2010 and 2.4% from 2010 to 2009. (Graph 1) We can calculate Debt-Equity Ratio, Current Ratio, and Quick Ratio in 3 years. (Table 3) As we can see from the table 1, Pfizers financial situation in 2011 was not bad. 1.3.2 Income Statement Analysis In 2011, total revenue was 67.425 million, a 0.54% increase over 2010 and a 36.85% increase over 2009. Operating income in 2011 was 12.762 million and net income was 10.009 million, both of them increased. Gross profit was not very obvious but we can find a sharp increase from 2009 to 2010. (Graph 2) In 2011, ratio of gross profit and total revenue was 77.63%. Operating expenses of total revenue proportion in three years were around 60%. It shows Pfizers ability of controlling in operating expenses was better in 2010 and 2009. (Table 4) Graph 3 shows that changes in gross margin, operating margin, net profit margin, ROA and ROE. The companys operating conditions were very stable. (Graph 3) 1.3.3 Cash Flow Analysis Here is a table shows that three years cash flows of three kinds of activities. (Table 3) In 2009, cash flows from operating activities were 16.587 million and in 2010. If investing activities cant bring enough money to make up cash outflows, cash flows from investing activities would be negative. In 2011, Pfizers cash flows from investing activities were 2.2 million. Pfizers investments were effective and they created a positive cash flow and can create profit. (Table 4) Generally speaking, the larger the cash flows from financing activities the more pressure of debt the company will be faced with. We can see in 2010 and 2011, Pfizers was under huge pressure. All in all, Pfizer has a good financial situation. 1.4 Summary of Pfizers Challenges 2011 was generally a good year for Pfizer, Inc. Revenues increased 1%, Net income also had significant gains. However, the company still faces diverse challenges from many aspects, which can have a long term impact on Pfizers performance. U.S. Healthcare Legislation Enacted Since 2010 It brought two negative influences: 1. A $648 million reduction to Revenues, related to higher, extended and expanded rebate provisions and the Medicare coverage gap discount provision. 2. An extra $248 million expense in informational, sales and administrative, related to the fee payable charged by the federal government. Loss of Expiration of Intellectual Property Rights It can be an adverse factor and decline total revenues. When the patent protection has expired, Pfizer loses exclusivity on these products and generic pharmaceutical manufacturers can produce similar products and sell them for a lower price. Problems in Productivity and Regulatory Environment Pfizer devoted significant resources to research and development; these activities involve a high risk and may take many years to transfer research achievements into products. Besides, there is no assurance that the development of any particular product will achieve desired clinical success, be approved by regulators and commercially. If Pfizer failed, sunk costs lost, which can be a huge loss. 1.4.4 Pfizer is Under Pressures of Pricing and Access Governments, healthcare organizations and other payer groups implement price controls and require price cuts in order to pay less in purchasing Pfizers products. There were government regulated price reductions for certain products beginning in 2011. Whats more, health insurance and social welfare plans continue to limit access to some of Pfizers medicines by setting restrictions in the increased use of generics. 1.4.5 Challenges from Poor Macroeconomic Environment We believe that with high unemployment rate and increases in co-pays, patients tend to buy generics, delay treatments, skip doses or use less effective treatments to reduce costs. During 2011, portions of the revenues are exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rate. Pfizer need to seek appropriate management in foreign exchange rate risk as it operates in multiple foreign currencies 2. Stock Price Analysis 2.1 Track Pfizers Stock Price in the Last 3 Years 2.1.1 2009(Graph 4) We can find that the stock price continued going down from Jan. to Mar. However, it went up until the end of the year. Stock price in Mar is the lowest all the year and the stock price at the beginning of the year and the end of the year are almost the highest. The highest is nearly $19, and the lowest is less than $12. 2.1.2 2010(Graph 5) The chart show us that the stock price in 2010. Generally speaking, the stock price went down from Jan to Jul. We can see the stock price in Jul is the lowest number throughout the year, and it was 14.14 dollars per unit. After Jul, the stock price gradually rose. But between Aug and Sep, the stock price experienced a decline within a narrow range. This circumstance also happened between Nov and Dec. The highest price occurred in Jan, and it was 20.00 dollars per unit. 2.1.3 2011(Graph 6) It seems that the chart of 2011 was a little complex. From Jan to Jun the general momentum of the stock price was up though a few small declines. From Jun to Aug, the number experienced a decline by a large margin after Aug, the statistics generally rose up though some declines. The highest price was 21.83 dollar per unit in Dec, and the lowest price was in Aug, and the number was 16.66 dollar per unit. 2.2 Calculate Stock Price of the Company To calculate the stock price of the company, I will use the formula EPSÃÆ'-P/E=P. EPS=NI/ SO. I will calculate the stock price of the company in 2012. (Graph 7) 1. Highest and lowest PE Ratio in 2009 are 14.79 and 11.45, so the average ratio is 13.12. 2. The 2 ratios in 2010 are 23.52 and 13.58, so the average is 18.55. 3. The 2 ratios in 2011 are 19.34 and 12.28, so the average ratio is 15.81. (Graph 8) The EPS in 2009, 2010 and 2011 are 1.235, 1.205, 1.255. According to P=EPSÃÆ'-P/E, stock price in 2009, 2010, 2011 are 16.20 ¼Ã…’22.35 ¼Ã…’19.84. 2.3 Assessment of the Current Stock Price According to the Income statement, PFE has earnings per share of 1.27, the average P/E is $17.81, estimate a value of PFE using P/E as a valuation multiple. Thus, P=$1.27*17.80=$22.6060B It assumes that PFE will have similar future risk. Assuming NVS is comparable to PFE in term of its underlying business NVS has earnings per share of $3.55, the average P/E is $15.39, under the same assumption, P=$3.55*15.39=$54.6345B. Compare to the two major competitors, PFE share price is relatively low. According to Income Statement, PFE has EBITDA of $27.56B and has an enterprise value to EBITDA multiple of $6.71, shares outstanding of 7.54B and debt of $38.96B Enterprise value would be V=$27.56B*6.71=$184.9276, estimate PFEs share price: P=(184.9276-38.96)/7.54=$19.2361. As this estimation is based on enterprise value, it is more reliable than the first one. It is overvalued obviously when its stock price being $22.66 per share. Similarly, NVS has EBITDA of $17.05, enterprise value to EBITDA multiple of 8.81, shares outstanding of $2.42 and debt of $24.59. NVS share price would be: P=(17.05*8.81-24.59)/2.42=$51.9093 As Comparables only provide information regarding the value of a firm relative to other firms in the comparison set, using multiples will not help us determine if an entire industry is overvalued. According to the research, PFE share price is much less than NVS, I would suggest that PFE is relatively less deserving investment. According to the Balance Sheet, dividend paid is $6.234. , it is easy to get the dividend paid annually: Div=$6.234/7.54=$0.8268 The share price is $22.66, suppose investors hope the constant dividend growth model would based on a 4% growth rate, we would estimate a stock price of P=0.8268/(0.4811-0.04)=$1.8744 We can calculate the growth rate: g=r-Div/P=0.4811-o.8268/22.66=1.16%. Investors would feel disappointed if invest in PFE as the growth rate is relative lower than he/her expectations. 2.4 Value of Pfizers Stock Price Compared with Competitors From statistics online, we can know that the 52week range of Pfizer is 16.63-23.3, Roches is 115.1-169.2, and Eli Lilys is 33.75-42.03. Obviously, the stock price of Roche changes the most, the changed absolute amount of 54.1. A risk lover may prefer this kind of stock because it can change by a larger scale, and if we can seek this opportunity well, huge profits can be achieved. Compared with Roche, Pfizer stock has a large advantage. The change scope of Pfizer stock is not big, which indicates that it is relatively stable, and a risk-averse may prefer this kind stock. The perceived benefit of any gain is outweighed by the perceived cost of an equivalent loss. Most people are risk-averse, so Pfizer stock has an excellent competitive advantage and suitable to hold for a long time. Besides, to compare the value of the stock price, analyzing the P/E ratio is the most traditional method. Pfizer earned $1.24 per share last year and the stock is trading at 22.38, so the stock has a P/E ratio of approximately 18.05-to-1.Similarly, the P/E ratio of Roche is 15.04, the P/E ratio of Eli Lily and Company is 10.7. Generally, the lower the P/E ratio, the better value the stock represents. Thus, in this case Pfizer is less competitive than his competitor, Roche and Eli Lily and Company. 2.5 Beta of Pfizer and Comparison with Its Competitors The beta of Pfizer is 0.64, the beta of Roche is 0.66, and the beta of Eli Lily and Company is 0.37. Beta is a risk index, can be used to measure fluctuation of one stock price relative to the whole stock market. The bigger the absolute amount, the larger the change of profit .The stock of Pfizer and its competitors, Roche and Eli Lily and Company, all can be regarded as low risk stocks. 3. Summary 3.1 Major Developments of Pfizer during 1Q of 2012 During the 1st quarter of 2012, Pfizers revenues were $15.4 billion, a decline of 7% compared with $16.5 billion in the year-ago quarter and the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange of $57 million, or less than 1%. Established products unit revenues increased 17% in comparison with prior year period, obviously driven by recent launches of generic versions of some products. Revenues of Lipitor were $383 million, which made a great contribution to the company. In addition, revenues were positively influenced by the entry of multi-source generic competition in the U.S. Emerging markets unit revenues grew 9% due to continued demand growth in China, Russia and Mexico. In animal health unit, revenues increased 6%, primarily due to the purchase of King Pharmaceuticals. Nutrition unit revenues gained 8%, created by making benefits from the launch of successful new products, increased marketing activities and overall strength in emerging markets, especially China. Pfizers first-quarter 2012 financial performance is pleased; however, it still faces fierce competition from other companies. Pfizer need to focus its problems in exclusivity and financial management. 3.2 Summary of All We Have Learnt About Pfizer Pfizer is better than others. It could be name recognition, innovation, market share or any other attributes that makes a company stand out from the herd. From what has been discussed, we may draw the conclusion that there are three ideas to contribute the success of Pfizer. Innovation creates success and being innovative in your business is one of the keys to being successful. Innovation is the introduction of new processes, new ways of doing things and revolutionizing how things have been accomplished previously. The most surprising thing is Pfizer cannot research an influential drug independently in the past 10 years of 20 century. Although it invested huge amount of money in R D, it seems more like a marketing company. Throughout Pfizers development in recent years, its success can be summed up that use the advantage of large-scale and well-capitalized to strengthen the ability in value chain in marketing. Through buying mature technology, products and combination new companies, building alliance with competitors to consolidate its market share. Giving full play to the enthusiasm of its medical representatives, integrating the advantages of its marketing network, and enhancing core competitiveness, thus achieve a leading position in the industry. In conclusion, Pfizer is a rare example of successful combination of R D and marketing strategies in international pharmaceutical companies. 3.3 Should We Buy Pfizers Stock or Not Pfizer has a good ability in finance, improved control in operation. For big investors, I would recommend Pfizer, which requires low risk, stable growing dividends, and long term return. Despite Pfizer stock price is relative lower than its competitors, big investors can gain large amount of cash by purchasing large amount of shares. However, I will not recommend Pfizer to retail investors. It would not be wise to invest in a company which may take years to transfer research investments into product profits. Higher return indicates higher risk; it would be too risky for retail investors to take the gamble. Quick money never stays too long. Appendices Table 1: Table 2: Table 3: 2011 2010 2009 Debt-Equity Ratio 0.563 0.550 0.577 Current Ratio 2.057 2.131 1.657 Quick Ratio 1.780 1.842 1.323 Table 4: 2011 2010 2009 Operating activities 20,240,000 11,454,000 16,587,000 Investing activities 2,200,000 (492,000) (31,272,000) Financing activities (20,607,000) (11,174,000) 14,481,000 Graph 1: Graph 2: Graph 3: Graph 4: Graph 5: Graph 6: Graph 7: Graph 8: Tables: (1.1) (1.2) (1.3)

Pfizer Case Study :: Business Strategy Management Analysis

Pfizer Case Study Pfizer Inc. is a large pharmaceutical company that engages in the discovery of new technologies, the manufacture of prescription and "over the counter" (OTC) medicines, as well as the marketing of such products. It operates in three distinct segments that include Human Health, Consumer Healthcare, and Animal Health. For fiscal year 2004, the company generated approximately $53 billion in revenue that contributed to over $11 billion in net income.(Pfizer, 2004) The Cow and Calf division of the Animal Health segment markets its products direct to cattle ranchers. Such products include vaccines, medications, and antibiotics to support healthy and consistent herds of beef producing cattle. It segmented the market into three distinct categories. Hobbyists herd less than 100 cows; Traditionalists commonly carry between 100 to 499, and Businesses are working with 500 or more. (Mohr, 1999) Time spent in the field with the ranchers was allocated based on the volume of product purchased by each individual. Those that spent higher dollar amounts received the most attention (in the form of personal visits, seminar offerings, and trial product samples). Although the ranchers appreciate the visits and the personal attention from the sales representatives they trust their veterinarians opinion over everyone else. Pfizer has traditionally used two distribution channels for its Animal Health products: Veterinarian Offices and Feed Stores. It has also tended to view the rancher as the end user of its product, but due to the size segmentation it may or may not understand each individual customers need, nor does it grasp its role in the larger supply chain (Ranchers-Feed Lots-Meat Packers-Retail-Consumers). At the time of the case, the beef industry was in a state of decline. Increasing consumer sentiment towards the negative health effects of red meat timed with increasing inventories of product supplied from Canada and Mexico as a result of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) had caused prices in the consumer market to plummet. (Mohr, 1999) As a result, ranchers were seeing that their finished product was commanding lesser dollar values while their inputs of feed and medication was remaining the same or rising. Another factor contributing to the shrinking profit margins of beef producers was the overall consistency and quality of the meat. Products such as pork and chicken were beginning to be packaged by Tyson and Perdue as ready to eat meals (Mohr, 1999).

Writing a Formal Letter/Example

Dear Mr. Patel, According to your interview, we understand that you are strictly against the usage of cellphones despite the fact that there are many good reasons to use them . I wanted to say that I both agree and disagree with your opinions at different points. At the beggining of the interview, you mentioned people’s attention was taken away from the substantial things in life and also claimed that the dissapointment of not recieving any texts made them upset or rather neurotic.Afterwards continued with remarking cellphones are somewhat compelling and said they threaten our lifes if used whilst driving. Also pointed out the common puctuation error which children make because of the language they use when they write a text and said there were distractions in classes and alleged the use of cellphones as a reason. You told the interviewer cellphones assaulted one’s privacy and solitude and people looked silly whilst talking with cellphones then declared that you would r ather be without a cellphone.The interviewer stated some opinions of his, converse to your opinions. Disagreeing with the opinions againt the usage of cellphones, he affirmed that it was essential four communicating with one’s children and informing people if one’s car broke down or is going to delay. He added there were not many telephone land lines in some places such as Africa, which made cellphones useful. Then ended his words with saying cellphones have a great role in solving crime.Whilst I agree with half of your opinions such as texting and driving threatens lifes and they ruin our peace and solitude, I do not agree with you on your opinions of children distraction. Although most of the children use cellphone, not all of them are distracted or making punctuation mistakes. Before being this prejudiced about cellphones, please consider the advantages of them. It might be the best to try reduce the usage without utterly rejecting them. Yours sincerely Related essay: â€Å"Co Curricular Activities Letter†

Answer 2 Questions Example

Answer 2 Questions Example Answer 2 Questions – Coursework Example Case Study: JC Penny’s Corporation, Inc. Case Study: JC Penny’s Corporation, Inc. The key or fundamental change that took place in the JC Penny’s Corporation, Inc. was the culture of management. Before its new leadership, it is reported that the organization had a rigid and streamlined or formal form of leadership. However, with new leadership of Myron E. Ullman the chairman and the CEO, Allen Questrom, and Vanessa Castagna, the company witnessed dramatic changes in its leadership with informal but respectful communication among all employed. This nature of relationship among the workers of the company changes the mode of work by easing the working environment of all employees; thus, increasing their productivity (Purkayastha, 2007; Pg. 03). Additionally, according to Ullman, that rigid culture and mood was never conducive for the company to achieve its organizational plans and object; therefore, he found it necessary to change it. He also noted that such changes will run down the ladder to the interaction and relation to the customer (Purkayastha, 2007; Pg. 10); thus, increasing the productivity of the organization. During this period of effective cultural change in the JC Penny Corporation, Inc., Ullman and his team applied numerous Johnson and Scholes cultural web models in the organizational management (Cadle, Paul, and Turner, 2010; pg. 183). Among other Johnson and Scholes cultural web principles that they applied include the stories. This new leadership realized that stories told within and outside the organization regarding the organization are vital in the growth and development of the organization and they achieved this by changing the perception of the employee about the organization (Cadle, Paul, and Turner, 2010; pg. 195). Additionally, they applied the rituals and routines whereby they changed the daily actions and behaviors that employed were subjected; these added values to the management. ReferencesCADLE, J., PAUL, D., & TU RNER, P. (2010).  Business analysis techniques: 72 essential tools for success. London, British Computer Society.PURKAYASTHA D. (2007). ICMR Center for Management Research. Remaking JC Penney’s Organization Culture. Retirved December 2, 2013, from academia-research.com/filecache/instr/4/0/929816_407-057-1.pdf

Thucydides - When War Comes essays

Thucydides - When War Comes essays In Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War, war brings along with many negative elements for a society. These negative effects are seen very clearly in Athens during the Plague and in Corcyra during the civil war. Lawlessness, dissipation of religion and acts of treason are among these effects that are seen by Thucydides in his accounts. He tries to inform his reader on the horrifying effects that a war has on a society, and does so clearly using Athens and Corcyra in their times of desperation. As the great power of Athens was subjected to the plague, Athenians inside as well as outside the walls surrounding the city began to lose hope. Although perhaps they were content about this at first, for the day the plague broke out the Spartans retreated under the command of King Archidamus. But this notion of content is quickly dismissed as the severity of the plague increases rapidly. Thucydides uses the plague as a metaphor for war, it shows up usually out of no where and worsens with time. While the plague lowered the enthusiasm the Athenians had built up during Pericles funeral oration, the war brings down people in the form of their lives. Thucydides uses the plague as a perfect example because its effects are so similar to that of a war, and because while the plague is taking place, Athens is at war with Sparta. People change completely, their attitudes and their faith. Long-term thinking is abolished and short-term thinking is brought about. No longer are the Ath enians worried about their future, and how they will and can prosper later on in life, they are only concerned with this very moment. What can they do now, that will help them now. Just as in war, the citizens of Athens need to find someone to blame all these atrocious events on, and who better than Pericles. After all, he was the one that got the Athenians into this mess in the first place, wasnt he? Th ...

Research Methods Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Methods - Research Proposal Example In order to decide about using composite or summated scale score for each question in the survey developed, it can be affirmed that the summated scale score can be used for the initial three questions. This might be owing to the reason that the results acquired from these questions will be quite limited and tends to be interrelated with one another. Though these three questions can be segregated into close-ended one, the summated scale score can be used in place of composite scale score. It is worth mentioning that the fourth and fifth questions are open-ended. It is projected that the answers or the responses of these questions will vary based on individual perspectives. Thus, the notion of composite scale score can be used in this situation. Specially mentioning, one of the functions of composite scale score scale can be ascertained as dealing with multiple data. Thus, for the questions ranging from 4-10, the applicability of composite scale score is justified (Spector, 2013). The reliability, validity along with sensitivity are often regarded as the key tools of measuring varied sorts of errors that occur while conducting a survey. The notion of reliability mainly refers to the consistency or the dependability of the respondents towards research variables. Thus, it can be measured by evaluating the results of the research. The idea of validity mainly reflects the expected results of the research. With this concern, the validity can be measured by determining the effectiveness and most vitally the viability of the research results or responses. Finally, the perception of sensitivity denotes assessing the fractions of all the possibilities related to the completion of a particular research. It is in this circumstance the sensitivity can be duly measured in the form of ascertaining the information obtained from the respondents and appropriate interpretation of such data or information (Fayers & Machin, 2002). It is quite

Solidarity and Soviet Declaration of Martial Law in Poland Essay

Solidarity and Soviet Declaration of Martial Law in Poland - Essay Example Terrorists are freedom fighters, repressive governments become saviours, and right becomes wrong in the semantic battle. The implementation of martial law in Poland was a move made by the government to preempt a strike by the independent trade union Solidarity, a strike which would cripple many facets of life in the country and effectively tip the balance of power in the favour of the trade union and other anti- governmental organizations. The basic facts as given above were subjected to vastly opposing interpretations by the Soviet Union and America. While the Americans upheld the right of the trade union workers to rebel against an oppressive and incompetent government, the Soviets condemned the â€Å"subversive† and anti- Polish activities of the group. The Americans look at the struggle as a freedom fight, as a heroic struggle against the unjust. This is immediately evident from the tone of the articles written in the New York Times. Drew Middleton’s article1for example justifies Solidarity’s strikes and bid for power by comparing the events of the time to the history of Poland’s struggle against Russia. He follows the story of Polish insurrections against Czarist rule, emphasizing the brutality of their control over the Poles, using phrases like â€Å"†¦.when he crushed the Polish insurrection of 1830†¦Ã¢â‚¬  when describing the Czar Nicholas the First’s reign. He goes on to impress upon the reader the terrible nature of Russian governance – He builds up a picture of the subjugation of Poland by Russia in the 19th century, from an analysts point of view, implying the parallel with current (i.e. 1981-82) Communist governance. He clearly sees the Polish Solidarity workers as heroes and valiant fighters against injustice; phrases like â€Å"as regularly as the tides, Polish resistance to Russian domination has been reborn and has flourished† clearly point to his comparison between Imperial Russia and

Illegal Software Use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Illegal Software Use - Essay Example The 2011  BSA Global Software Piracy Study reveals that the â€Å"Business decision-makers who admit they frequently pirate software are more than twice as likely as other computer users to say they buy software for one computer but then install it on additional machines in their offices,†. The latest study reveals that a number of security breaches come by known hackers. On this numerous reports including patches and software updates are presented. Moreover, a questioned is asked for the presence of relationship between unlicensed software and the perseverance of software is maintained or not? In this regard the CEO Robert Holleyman, president BSA says, â€Å"It can be a security issue.† Furthermore, he states that there is a major cultural problem that leads towards using pirated software and other security breaches. However, in any organization the security lapse can also happen due to mismanagement of its software and licensing. The unlicensed and not properly doc umented software are more prone to provided insufficient support to the organization. According to the Holleyman, the BSA report is founded over the IDC market data. The term â€Å"gold standard† is stated by the Hollyman that supports the sales of PC and software in worldwide markets (GNC Articles. 2012). This information is collected and published by Ipsos Public Affairs. The survey is held between 14,700 individuals that belong to 33 countries therefore representing around 80 percent of the worldwide software market (GNC Articles. 2012). The survey results came up with some astonishing facts. Around forty two percent of individuals had installed he pirated version of software that cost around $63.4 billion (GNC Articles. 2012). However, this cost cannot be claimed as the net loss due to the unknown budget of legal or illegal installed software as mentioned by BSA in the software industry. In the United States, the rate of pirated software is about nineteen percentages beca use it is considered as the most law-abiding country percentage-wise. In fact, for the big illegal software shares in the U.S. market the estimated net worth is approximately around $9.8 billion value. In the second place is China (GNC Articles. 2012). It is said that the country pirates an approximated 77 percent of its software. In addition, this software is of worth about $8.9 billion that stands China in the second place of illegal software after United States. The computer users in China pay out on typical just $8.89 for the legal software and in the United States this figure is around $127 for every computer. According to the BSA these cost figures for the software organizations are representing risk to U.S. economic well-being. This is due to the unwarranted aggressive advantage that is given to the industries thus encouraging them to use the pirated software. Likewise, even at the rate of 19 percent software piracy in the United States poses a major threat to the Information and Communication Technology in the United States (GNC Articles. 2012). Firstly, applications or software coming from a non-genuine source can be infected with viruses, malicious codes, Trojan horse, root kits etc. this imposes a direct threat or risks. For instance, if an operation system has been acquired from a non-genuine source, viruses can be installed with the operating system. Likewise, one cannot trust software provided by the vendor and it should be tested before implementing in a live or operational environment of a bank or financial institution. These fixes can be later on patched by security updates. In case of pirated software, update options are turned off due to the fear of Operating system validation tools from the manufacturers. Once

Earth and Planet Essay Example for Free

Earth and Planet Essay God create our planet earth for us to have a home so we have to take care of our planet because God gave it to us and if we don’t take care of our planet someday our planet earth will be destroy or it will be gone. We have to protect our nature specially the trees because if we don’t protect our nature and if we cut down all the trees we will experience stronger floods and typhoon that will destroy our planet. We can save our planet earth by simply throwing your garbage in the right place not in the river or in the streets. If we throw our garbage in the river it will be stock and if there is a typhoon the flood will go higher than we expected because of the garbage that is stock in the river so we have to practice our selves not throwing garbage anywhere but in the right place only. For me it’s very important to protect our planet because God entrusted the planet earth to us so we have to protect it and love it. We can save our planet by stopping the mining company’s because if the mining in the earth continues someday the mountains in the earth will destroy and will cause a flashflood that people will be getting hurt or die. So if we want to live longer in this earth we have to protect our planet and save it before it’s too late.

Review of The Republic of Tea Website Essay example -- Business Analys

When I am looking for a new flavor of tea, I often visit the Republic of Tea's website to browse all the unique varieties of tea that they carry. The Republic of Tea offers many different varieties of tea from around the world that you cannot buy in a local grocery store. Anyone, from tea connoisseurs to average students, can use this website to find great tasting tea. The Republic of Tea's website is well organized, with categories for each type of tea and all the different flavors. The homepage shows pictures of tea and accessories used to brew the perfect cup of tea. The main points of interest for the website is the text that describes the tea and the layout of the products being sold. These aspects along with the pictures that accurately depict the tea's color and shape, and the easy to use design of the website, makes The Republic of Tea a great way to introduce anyone to the world of tea. The homepage of The Republic of Tea has a simple, yet elegant design. The background color used is black, with text and photos appearing in a centered beige colored box, with a navigation bar on top that is colored light red. The colors work together to focus your attention on the centered box, which usually displays a themed tea depending on the upcoming holiday, and some of the drinkware being sold on the website. In the upper right hand corner of the navigation bar is the company's logo along with a black tea pot; this can be used to return to the homepage. The navigation bar contains contact information, such as a telephone number, and an option to display the website in different languages. A search bar is also provided so that you can find a particular type of tea by name or variety. The navigation bar also uses a drop... ... and tea accessories, and it is the best tea I have ever tasted. When I used the website for the first time, I found learning about the tea to be enjoyable and very interesting. My order was shipped quickly and very professionally, with everything arriving in perfect condition. The tea I ordered was a sample of different loose leaf tea, that is tea that is not put into tea bags, but instead is placed inside of a tea diffuser and then brewed in hot water. The tea was delicious and the experience has led me to continue to order exclusively from their website ever since. I love the way that the tea is displayed on the website, and how the categories separate the tea into similar groups for easy navigating. The design of the website is what initially drew my attention, but the quality of the product and the service provided is what will make me come back for more.

We Must Educate the Children of Illegal Immigrants Essay example -- Cr

Immigration laws have been a subject of debate throughout American history, especially in states such as California and Texas, where immigrant populations are high. Recently, some citizens have been questioning whether we should continue to educate the children of illegal immigrants. While this issue is steeped in emotional controversy, we must not allow divisive "us against them" rhetoric to cloud our thinking. Yes, educating undocumented immigrants costs us, but not educating them would cost us much more. Those who propose barring the children of illegal immigrants from our schools have understandable worries. They worry that their state taxes will rise as undocumented children crowd their school systems. They worry about the crowding itself, given the loss of quality education that comes with large class sizes. They worry that school resources will be deflected from their children because of the linguistic and social problems that many of the newcomers face. And finally, they worry that even more illegal immigrants will cross our borders because of the lure of free education. This last worry is probably unfounded. It is unlikely that many parents are crossing the borders solely to educate their children. More likely, they are in desperate need of work, economic opportunity, and possibly political asylum. As Charles Wheeler of the National Immigration Law Center asserts, "There is no evidence that access to federal programs acts as a magnet to foreigners or that further restrictions would discourage illegal immigrants" (qtd. in "Exploiting"). The other concerns are more legitimate, but they can be addressed by less drastic measures than barring children from schools. Currently the responsibility o... ...re in school, we can make sure they are inoculated properly, and we can teach them the facts about health and disease. Do we really want thousands of uneducated children growing up on the streets, where we have little control over them? Surely not. The lure of the streets is powerful enough already. Only by inviting all children into safe and nurturing and intellectually engaging schools can we combat that power. Our efforts will be well worth the cost. Works Cited Edmondson, Brad. "Life without Illegal Immigrants." American Demographics May 1996: 1. "Exploiting Fears." Admissions Decisions: Should Immigration Be Restricted? 7 Oct. 1996. Public Agenda. 10 Feb. 1999. http://www.vote-smart.org/issues/Immigration/chap2/imm2itx.html. McCarthy, Martha M. "Immigrants in Public Schools: Legal Issues." Educational Horizons 71 (1993): 128-30.

A Study on Customer Satisfaction in Banking Industry in Sri Lanka

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION World class companies have taken more market share by providing notably better customer service. Executives know that to stand out in a crowded field of competitors, customer service is a very critical component in achieving and maintaining a high level of customer satisfaction. When pressures move the organization to meet only performance goals and measurements such as overhead absorption, shipping dollar targets, labour efficiency, purchase price variance and the like, however, customer service often takes a back seat to these other concerns. The result can be a plunge in customer satisfaction and ultimately, if allowed to continue, erosion in market shares. Because of globalization, internationalization, technical innovations, law deregulations, and market saturation, the current situation of the banking industry is changing. The intensity of competition increases due to new products and services as well as the entrance of competitors from other industries, such as the so-called non- and near-banks. Even more, the continuously growing educational standard as well as better opportunities to gather information induce enormous changes in customer behavior. Thus, competition for customers becomes more difficult and, considering the growing intensity of competition, the major banks’ need for sustained competitive advantage increases Organisations often think the way to measure customer satisfaction is to examine the number of customer complaints. The problems with this method is that it is reactive, it only responds (if at all) after the event and it does not really measure satisfaction only dissatisfaction. Monitoring complaint levels does not really tell if the customers are any more or less satisfied with the product or service. For example, consider how many times you have been dissatisfied with a product or service – say once a month. Now how many times have you written to complain – possibly once or twice or maybe never. Managers and Directors often say â€Å"if our customers are unhappy, they soon tell us†. Well do they? If on a personal level you rarely write to complain, what happens as a company level – is it different? Here is an example of an organisations basing its customer satisfaction strategy on levels of customer complaints and getting badly misled. In a Warehousing organisation, customers were unable to obtain product (spares, consumables, etc. from the newly relocated, reorganised and centralised warehouse. Deliveries were often late or wrong if they arrived at all. The customer complained verbally but being unable to obtain their spare or consumable, spent their time looking for an alternate supplier rather than wasting their time complaining. The customer could not afford the time to complain, they were too busy avoiding their processes from stopping by sourcing the required items from another supplier. The Warehouse turnover plummeted. â€Å"If our customers are unhappy we'll soon know about it† said management. Well, they didn’t at least not until it was too late and they had lost 90% of their customers. Yes 90%. There is obviously a strong link between customer satisfaction and customer retention. Customer's perception of Service and Quality of product will determine the success of the product or service in the market. With better understanding of customers' perceptions, companies can determine the actions required to meet the customers' needs. They can identify their own strengths and weaknesses, where they stand in comparison to their competitors, chart out path future progress and improvement. Customer satisfaction measurement helps to promote an increased focus on customer outcomes and stimulate improvements in the work practices and processes used within the company. In any type of business, whether companies are selling toy airplanes or offering massages, customer satisfaction plays a key role in the success of the business. Much like employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction is important to consider when running a business Companies that care about their success always care about customer satisfaction. The customer is the end user and if they aren't happy with the product or service then they might not return to purchase the product or service again. This usually results in the business losing money, due to poor customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction emerged from consumer studies that sought to quantify the basic assumption implicate in the marketing concept that satisfied customers are more likely to have a positive attitude towards the product and re buy it. The value of satisfaction is often underestimated. Loyal customers and employees affect an organization’s success, which can be difficult to quantify. Loyal customers grow business by increasing market share. Over a lifetime, a loyal customer purchases more, purchases at a premium (they are less sensitive to price), costs less to sell to, and refers the company business to others. Employees, especially those on the front line, directly impact customer satisfaction. An essential part of assessing satisfaction includes identifying dissatisfaction. Dissatisfied customers and employees often hold the information what the company need to succeed. Understanding when and why dissatisfaction occurs helps the organization to implement changes to gain and retain future customers and employees. Measuring customer satisfaction is an important element of providing better, more effective and efficient services. When clients are not satisfied with a service as provided, the service is neither effective nor efficient. This is especially important in relation to the provision of public services. Under conditions of perfect competition, where clients are able to choose between alternative service providers and have adequate information, client satisfaction is a key determinant of the level of demand and therefore, the operation and functioning of suppliers. However when a single agency, either government or private sector, is the sole provider of services, the level of client satisfaction is often overlooked when assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of services. Customer satisfaction is the extent to which the desires and the requirements of the clients are met. A service is considered satisfactory if it fulfils the needs and expectations of the customers. There are many factors taken into consideration by the customers in appraising the services provided, including: promptness, reliability, technical expertise, expectations, quality and price. . 1 RESEARCH PROBLEM ANALYSIS The staffs in the front office fail to deliver goods in the proper way to the customers due their inefficiencies where by the customer gets frustrated by the service rendered of the front office staffs and goes to the extent of closing their accounts and look for another bank who could better service for the customers. Due to this problem customers maintain sev eral bank accounts in many banks to consume better services. This problem was faced by the researcher and some informal discussions were done by the researcher with some other banking customers. They also experienced some similar problems with their banks’ services. This gave an idea to researcher to do a research in customer satisfaction level in the banking industry in Srilanka. 1. 2 IMPORTANCE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: ENSURING FUTURE REVENUES A renewed focus on customer service and satisfaction leads to improved customer loyalty and increased revenue. For example, reducing customer churn by 1 percent can translate into the same percentage increase in revenue. Particularly in industries characterized by low switching costs and products that are dif? ult to differentiate, customer service offers a way of providing distinct value to the customer. The company gives excellent services customer satisfaction other brands become less important and switching costs decline, the importance of customer service has increased and, in some industries, become the major differentiator. Companies that align themselves to better serve their customers enjoy lower customer churn, lowe r costs, and higher pro? ts, since satis? ed, loyal customers purchase additional products and services. At the same time, customers expect better service. They expect their requirements to be fulfilled promptly and their issues resolved quickly and to their satisfaction. Long periods spent on hold, multiple transfers, and interactions with inexperienced or poorly trained customer service representatives can damage the relationship. Accordingly, every customer interaction has the potential to either strengthen the relationship or drive the customer to a competitor. 1. 3 CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND LOYALTY: FOCUSING ON THE LONG TERM Achieving high customer satisfaction levels, low churn rates, and effective cross-selling requires a strategy that balances the seemingly con? cting factors that affect organisation performance. Such a strategy can increase overall business performance by balancing ef? ciency-based measures with effectiveness measures that emphasize customer service and cross-selling. Whether an organisation is focused primarily on servicing customers or generating additional sales revenue, maximizing the value of customer inte ractions depends on a company’s ability to clearly understand the factors impacting performance and make decisions that leverage or resolve hose factors. Through this level of insight, organisation can achieve and maintain high satisfaction levels and higher revenues while keeping their costs as low as possible. 1. 4 NEED OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION RESEARCH Spending on customer satisfaction research by American industry has grown tremendously – in recent years, and a number of trends suggest that the need for this type of research will continue to rise in the years ahead, particularly among firms that sell to other organizations. The following reasons induce organizations to conduct research on customer satisfaction. Companies are buying more, but from fewer suppliers Business and government markets are growing, but getting tougher to sell to. Organizations bought more than $8. 3 trillion worth of goods and services in 1993, according to Penton Research Services' estimates. Spending has increased every year since 1982, even during the 1990-91 recessions. Companies forced to downsize in recent years are now buying many of the goods and services they used to produce internally. Goods-producing industries outsource the most, although government – which is privatizing a number of operations – and many service firms expect to do more outsourcing in the years ahead. Total business and government purchases are expected to double over the next decade, reaching $17. 5 trillion by the year 2005. However, it's also becoming more difficult for suppliers to get – and keep – customers. A Penton Research Services study found that 40 percent of large business and government units are buying from fewer suppliers than they were five years ago, even though the amount purchased is up. And nine out of ten purchasing executives at Fortune 1000 companies surveyed by the Center for Advanced Purchasing Studies (91 percent) expect to use fewer sources of supply in the year 2000. Business and government buyers want to establish partnerships with their suppliers. Properly-conducted customer satisfaction research can help a company build stronger relationships with both current clients and key prospects. Customer power is increasing The balance of power in business transactions is shifting to the customer. According to a study conducted by Arthur Andersen in conjunction with the Distribution Research and Education Foundation, the buyer's ability to dictate such terms and conditions as billing and pricing is expected to increase during the '90s, while the power of suppliers/ manufacturers and wholesaler-distributors decreases. As buyers gain power, they'll have increased leverage to set standards for product quality and specifications, delivery time, and service. More than half of the executives surveyed by the Gallup Organization (53 percent) report that demands from their company's customers are rising or changing a great deal. Research allows a supplier to truly hear the voice of the customer and tailor its product/service mix to changing buyer needs. Suppliers need to satisfy multiple buying influences Companies selling to industry, have to please a number of different individuals within customer organizations, each with their own needs and agendas. According to a Penton Research Services survey, the number of people involved in a buying decision ranges from about three, for services and items used in day-to- day operations, to almost five, for such high-ticket purchases as construction work and machinery. A Forsyth Group analysis of buying decisions at one large firm, Harnischfeger, showed that the number of individuals involved in the purchase of a single type of product could exceed 50. In addition, it's not going to get any easier for suppliers. A Center for Advanced Purchasing Studies survey found that 87 percent of the purchasing executives at Fortune 1000 companies expect teams of people from different departments and functions to be making buying decisions in the year 2000. A well-designed customer satisfaction measurement program that targets key buying influences can help keep current customers sold and identify ways to win over non-customers. Quality is still job one Customers want a good price, but refuse to sacrifice quality or service to get it. A Penton Research Services survey of business and government decision-makers found that quality is the single most important factor in choosing a supplier. Price received the second largest number of mentions, followed by reputation, delivery time, and technical assistance. In fact, nine out of 10 business buyers believe that paying a higher price for quality is more cost-effective in the long run, and according to a study conducted by Kane, Parsons & Associates, most executives (86 percent) prefer to do business with suppliers that have made a formal commitment to quality improvement and customer satisfaction. The buyer, not the seller, determines what attributes of a product or service constitute quality, and research can provide an objective measure of what customers think, correctly or incorrectly, about a company and its competition. The rate of change is fast and getting faster American industry is in a continual state of flux. There are more than 8,200 new business incorporations, failures, acquisitions, address changes, and name changes on the average business day. The buying influences that suppliers need to keep satisfied are also constantly changing. A Penton Research Services analysis of changes among managers, engineers, and purchasing agents found that more than 20 percent leave their company, change job titles, or transfer to another location over the course of a year. This means that more than half of the buying influences will probably change in some way within three years. Most of the executives surveyed by the Gallup Organization believe that the current rate of change at their company is rapid or extremely rapid, and 61 percent of them think that the pace of change will accelerate in the future. Companies selling to industry have to continually monitor the marketplace to be able to respond quickly to changes in buying procedures, factors influencing the purchase, and the people making the buying decision. Customer satisfaction research will be needed more than ever by firms that want to survive – and thrive – in the challenging years ahead. 1. 5 CORE BANKING FUNCTIONS Banking has always been a changing industry. Lord Denning, once observed; â€Å"Like many other beings, a banker is easier to recognise than to define†. (D G Hanson, Page 1). D G Hanson in his popular book on Service Banking writes, â€Å"We are tempted to say that banking is what one cares to make it†. Whatever way one defines a bank, a banker or the business of anking, it appears that, despite a large spectrum of financial services that banks have embarked on to offer, certain fundamental economic functions of Banking remain yet to be fully substituted. To understand this proposition it may be necessary to look at Banking from both a traditional functional view, i. e. a functional analysis and from a logical business and economic view, i. e. an economic analysis. A Functional Analysis A func tional analysis of banking business will look at the apparent activities that a bank performs. The activities are numerous and more keep adding to the list. The Banking Act No 30 of 1988 defines the business of banking as â€Å"â€Å"banking business† means the business of receiving funds from the public through the acceptance of money, deposits payable upon demand by cheque, draft, order or otherwise, and the use of such funds either in whole or in part for advances, investments or any other operation either authorized by law or by customary banking practices;† This definition mainly deals with the aspect of banking where the function invariably looks at the maintenance of demand deposits commonly known as current accounts. Current Accounts are maintained only by Licensed Commercial Banks. Does this mean that only Commercial Banks carry on the business of Banking? Probably not so. There are other institutions and instruments that perform most of the economic functions of Banking. It is important, therefore, for us to analyse the economic functions more than the activities of Banking. The concentration of this article will therefore be on Economic Functions. Nevertheless, it is useful to look at the activities that banks do carryout with a view to analysing the Economic Functions. The Banking Amendment Act No: 33 of 1995 by its section 31 that introduces section 76A to the Act, to provide for Specialised Banking, restricts the carrying on of the business of accepting deposits of money and investing and lending such money to be only by a company which has an equity capital in an amount not less than Rs 50 Million and under the authority of a licence issued by the Monetary Board.

The Different Types of Private Schools

The Different Types of Private Schools Did you know there are more than 30,000 private schools in the United States? It can be a bit overwhelming; the possibilities for finding a quality education are virtually endless. Add to this mix, that there are many different types of schools that exist for families to choose from. Lets take a look at some of the different types of private schools that exist and what the benefits of each option might be for you.   Private School or Independent School You may not know this, but all independent schools are considered private schools. But, not all private schools are independent. Whats the difference between the two? Funding. Thats truly the one thing that separates an independent school from the rest of the private schools. Boarding Schools Boarding Schools  can simply be defined as private schools where students also live. These residential schools bring together students from all different states and even countries to live and learn in one environment. The diversity at boarding schools is usually much greater than a private day school because of the residential aspect. Students live in dormitories, similar to the college experience, and have dorm parents who also reside on campus in the dorms, as well as in separate houses on campus. Often, because students live on campus, there are more opportunities for them to participate in after-school activities, as well as weekend and evening events. Boarding school opens up more opportunities for involvement at school than a day school and can give students more independence as they learn to live on their own without their parents in a nurturing and supportive environment, which can make the transition to college much easier. Single-Sex Schools As the name suggests, these are schools that are designed around educating only one gender. These schools can be boarding or day schools, but focus on the aspects of living and learning that best support one gender. Often, military schools may be all boys, and all girls schools are known for their traditions of sisterhood and empowerment. Read this article from Laurel, a graduate of an all-girls boarding school and her story of  how the experience changed her life.   Classical Christian Schools A Christian school is one which adheres to Christian teachings. A classical Christian school emphasizes biblical teachings and incorporates a teaching model consisting of three parts: grammar, logic, and rhetoric. Country Day Schools The term country day school conjures up visions of a lovely school setting on the edge of a field or woods somewhere. Thats the idea, and typically this type of educational institution is truly a day school, meaning students dont reside on campus, like at a boarding school.   Special Needs Schools Special needs schools cover a wide range of learning disabilities including ADD/ADHD, dyslexia and other learning syndromes. They have the specially trained and certificated staff necessary to teach children with learning disabilities. These schools can also be therapeutic in nature and can benefit students who have behavioral and discipline issues. Military Schools There are over 35 private military schools in the United States. If your son or daughter dreams of a military career, then you ought to consider these fine schools seriously. Often, military schools carry a stereotype of being schools for students who need stronger discipline, but many of these schools are highly selective in nature, with rigorous academics, high expectations for student performance, and a focus on developing strong leaders. While many military schools are all boys by design, there are some that accept female students. Montessori Schools Montessori schools follow the teachings and philosophy of Dr. Maria Montessori. They are schools that only serve elementary and middle school students, with the highest grade served being eighth. Some Montessori Schools work with children as young as infants, while the vast majority - 80% to be exact - start with students ages 3-6. The approach to Montessori learning is very student-centric, with students leading the way in learning, and teachers serving more as mentors and guides throughout the process. Its a highly progressive approach, with a lot of hands-on learning. Waldorf Schools Rudolf Steiner invented Waldorf schools. Their style of teaching and the curriculum are unique. Founded in Germany in 1919, the Waldorf schools were originally founded for workers at the Waldorf Astoria Cigarette Company, at the request of the director. Waldorf schools are considered highly teacher directed. A unique aspect of Waldorf Schools is that traditional academic subjects are introduced later in life than other schools, with a strong focus on imaginative activities in the early years.   Religious and Cultural Schools Many parents want their children to be educated in a school where their religious beliefs are a focal point rather than just an add-on. There are plenty of schools to accommodate every religious requirement. These schools may be of any faith, but have the values of the religion at the core of their educational philosophies. While students dont necessarily have to be of the same religion as the school (this may vary from institution to institution) many schools do require a specific course of study related to the faith and culture. Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

Sleep Deprivation General Purpose Essay Example

Sleep Deprivation General Purpose Essay Example Sleep Deprivation General Purpose Essay Sleep Deprivation General Purpose Essay Formal Informative Outline Sleeping Deprivation General Purpose: To inform. Specific purpose: Sleep is a precious gift that allows people to rest. Not getting enough rest on a constant basis can lead to greater problems, even death Organizational Pattern: Introduction I. Blame It On the Light Bulb. College students and individuals around the world are suffering from a health problem that can be more detrimental to their health than some forms of cancer. What is it? Sleep Deprivation II. People are losing sleep daily, in such a fashion that most have trouble staying awake during work, driving, or even in class. III. I have learned a lot about sleeping disorders during the past three years being in college, and I did additional research for this speech. IV. Sleep deprivation is a serious medical situation that can harm your everyday life. Sleep disorders are a highly common medical issue that affects millions of Americans each year. Without adequate rest, the brains ability to function quickly deteriorates. Today I’m going to explain what sleep deprivation is, causes for the problem, how to remedy the problem, and how to test yourself to see if you suffer from sleep deprivation. Transition: let’s start with the nature of sleeping disorders. I will start with the definition of what a sleeping deprivation is) Body I. What is Sleep Deprivation? A. Sleep Deprivation (CancerWEB’s  Online Medical Dictionary) – the condition of being deprived of sleep either under experiment or under real life conditions, as distinguished from being unable to sleep. Sleep Deprivation can even effect acne development, and cause bad hair days. B. The Cold was thought to be one of the greatest inflictions among Americans, when it is actually drowsiness. (Stedman, â€Å"Tired of being, Tired†) a. 0 percent of American adults admit that their work suffers when they are sleepy. b. Even more so, College students suffer more than anyone with odd hours and periodic naps during the day. (Transition) Summary (In essence, Sleep deprivation is the simple lack of the required amount of sleep in order to function fully the following day. )(This lack has to be caused by something, but what? ) II. What aids in the accumulation of Sleep debt (Sleep Deprivation). (Good Housekeeping) A. Sleep Life is a factor 1. Disrupting associations with the bed and bedroom, diet troubles, and mental state all effect the ability to sleep a. Regular activities in the same room as you sleep in can disrupt and disturb sleeping patters such as working in the room, watching television, even sex. b. Remedies:  Ã‚  Before bed take a hot bath (temperature change causes drowsiness), eat light dinners and have snacks at least every three hours for maximum energy and minimum fatigue, Drink plenty of H20. Mental state is another factor, extreme boredom, and extreme stress can both prevent sleep as well as promote it. B. Natural Remedies  (Starbuck) 1. Chamomile-Provides soothing comfort from the aromatic smell, allows peace before falling asleep. When ingested in a caplet form it is a type of painkiller as well as sleep-inducers. 2. Hops-Yes, what they use to make beer. A mild sedative is used to treat insomnia in its herbal form. Like beer, it can have slight depression inducing effects. (Transition) Summary: (Sleep deprivation is obviously a complicated thing, with an even more complicated solution. ) (Transition)(How can you tell if you have sleep deprivation or a sleep  debt. ) III. If you are not getting enough sleep, it can lead to health problems. A. A Simple test can evaluate sleep  deprivation  (Test passed out, evaluate yourself afterwards. B. Health Problems resulting from sleep deprivation include 1. Decreased Immune System activity 2. Development of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 3. May be the start or result of a sleep disorder: i. Sleep Apnea-(Snoring and stopping of breathing during sleep) ii. Insomnia 4. Could be a sign of depression. C. Sleep Deprivation is one of the main causes for deaths of those who fall asleep at the wheel of a moving vehicle as well as those who slowly drift to sleep during a lecture in class. (Transition) (Sleep Deprivation is a compound entity with ties to many other forms of problems with one’s health. Conclusion I. Sleep Deprivation is condition that effects how well someone functions during the day, and can be caused by numerous ways. A self-test was administered so that everyone can evaluate how well one is sleeping, if you are having difficulty sleeping, evaluate your patterns to find a solution. II. (Last thought)  if you find yourself falling asleep during class, at the wheel, or unable to concentrate during the day, try to get more sleep; it just might save your life. Bibliography Books (Find 2 Book References) Articles Fahey, Valerie. How Sleep Deprived Are You? †Ã‚  Ã‚  Health. September 93, Vol. 7. Newman, Judith. â€Å"Yes,  It’s  Sleep. †Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Health. March 2000. Vol  14 Issue 2. p 112. Starbuck, J. Jamison. â€Å"And, Now I Lay Me Down To Sleep. †Ã‚  Ã‚  Better Nutrition. Oct 98. Vol  60 Issue 10. p 52. Stedman, Nancy. â€Å"Tired of Being Tired? †Ã‚  Ã‚  Good Housekeeping. Aug 2000. Vol  231 Issue 2. p 74. Internet Sources (Find 1 more Internet Source) On-line Medical Dictionary. Academic Medical Publishing ; CancerWEB. â€Å"Sleep Deprevtation† 23 Sep. 2012. ;AHREF= graylab. ac. uk/omd/index. html;. 1997-98.